Shougang Qiangang currently operates five 210-metric-ton converters, as well as refining equipment such as CAS, LF, and RH units. Its product range includes pipeline steel, automotive steel, ship plate steel, silicon steel, and many other grades. Prior to 2009, Shougang Qiangang had consistently used internal-type permeable bricks for its ladles. When producing low-end steel grades …
Inert gas is blown into molten steel through permeable bricks to agitate the steel, achieving purposes such as homogenizing composition, regulating temperature, and removing inclusions. The performance of permeable bricks directly affects the refining effect of the ladle and the quality of the steel. Therefore, this paper proposes the usage requirements for permeable bricks in …
Research progress on permeable bricks for steel ladles Read More »
Induction furnace lining The quality of the furnace lining is one of the key factors affecting the performance of a coreless induction furnace. Due to the limited familiarity of operators with induction furnaces, short lining lifespan is a common problem. This study utilizes a furnace-building process involving the application of different vibrators to tamp and …
Construction process of medium frequency induction furnace lining Read More »
Refractory raw materials refer to the materials essential for the production of refractory products. They form the foundation of refractory production. Most refractory raw materials are natural minerals (such as refractory clay, high-alumina bauxite, quartz, chromite, magnesite, dolomite, magnesium olivine, zircon, kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite, among others). As the requirements for the comprehensive performance of …
Do you know how to select raw materials for refractories? Read More »
In actual steel production, nodule formation at submerged entry nozzles (SINNOV) severely impacts the stability of the flow field in the mold. This phenomenon not only affects the smooth progress of continuous casting but can also lead to nodule spalling, thereby reducing billet quality. This paper reviews the current research status of the nodule formation …
Location and structure of nodules in submerged water inlets and optimization measures Read More »
Magnesium-carbon bricks are unfired carbon-based refractory materials made from magnesium oxide (melting point 2800°C), a high-melting-point alkaline oxide, and high-melting-point carbon materials that are resistant to slag infiltration, with various non-oxide additives incorporated. They are bonded using a carbon-based binder. Magnesium-carbon bricks are unfired carbon-based composite refractory materials made from magnesium oxide (a high-melting-point alkaline …
1.What are the principles for formulating refractory castables? The formulation design of refractory castables consists of two parts: application design parameters and material design parameters. When using refractory castables under specified target conditions, factors such as raw material composition, manufacturing techniques, material installation (construction), and application techniques must be considered. The goal of formulation design …
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Intermediate linings generally consist of an insulation layer (made of lightweight bricks or insulating materials), a permanent layer (bricks or castable refractory), and a working lining (coating or insulation board). In the mid-1970s, the permanent lining was still mainly constructed using clay bricks. In the early 1980s, monolithic refractory materials of different materials began to …
Carbon-based refractories are a new type of refractory material developed in the late 1970s. By leveraging graphite’s high refractoriness and low wettability, they significantly enhance the high-temperature performance and erosion resistance of refractories. They exhibit excellent thermal shock stability, slag resistance, spalling resistance, and resistance to high-temperature creep. Aluminum-magnesium-carbon bricks are carbon-based refractories with an …
Many people who buy refractory castables don’t know how to construct them correctly (see the Refractory Castable Construction Standard), what the procedures are, and what details to pay attention to during construction. As a result, the service life of refractory castables is short and problems occur frequently. If you are still in this stage, quickly …
How to carry out the construction process of refractory castables Read More »
Furnace life, also known as lining life, refers to the total number of steel batches produced during a single operating cycle of a medium-frequency furnace lining, from the time it is put into service until it is replaced with a new lining. It serves as a comprehensive indicator of a medium-frequency furnace’s production performance. Therefore, …
Key factors for extending the service life of medium-frequency furnaces Read More »
In the modern non-ferrous metal processing industry (such as copper, aluminum, zinc, and their alloys), medium-frequency induction melting furnaces have gradually become the mainstay of the melting process due to their high efficiency, precision, and environmental friendliness. Below is a brief introduction to medium-frequency induction furnaces. While introducing this product, I think it’s worth mentioning …
Advantages and system configuration of medium-frequency induction furnaces Read More »
Currently, the refractory material primarily used for the working lining of continuous casting ladles is magnesium-based dry mix. This dry mix offers excellent resistance to erosion by high-iron and alkaline slag, a long service life, no contamination of molten steel, ease of installation, and ease of ladle removal and turning. It has gradually been adopted …
1.Clay brick Clay bricks are refractory materials with an Al₂O₃ content of 30% to 48%, made using fired clay aggregates and refractory clay (plastic or semi-plastic clay) as a binder. They are the most widely used and highest-volume refractory products. The properties of clay products vary significantly, due to differences in their chemical composition and …
Electric arc furnace Broadly speaking, electric steelmaking furnaces include electric arc furnaces, induction furnaces, electroslag furnaces, and electron beam furnaces. Conventional electric furnace steel refers to steel produced in basic electric arc furnaces, hence this paper focuses on electric arc furnaces (EAFs). EAFs are categorized into direct current electric arc furnaces (DC-EAF) and alternating current …
Main types of electric steel furnaces and smelting processes Read More »
Refractory materials fall under the category of inorganic non-metallic materials and serve as indispensable foundational materials for high-temperature industries. They are primarily applied in sectors such as steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, machinery, and petrochemicals. The advancement of these industries is inseparable from progress in refractory materials. The refractory materials industry has become a fundamental …
Technical performance requirements for 25 common raw materials used in refractories Read More »
Through analyzing factors affecting ladle service life and safety performance, measures were implemented to enhance both aspects. These included optimizing refractory brick materials, reinforcing critical areas during ladle construction, conducting precise online measurements of residual refractory thickness, refining the composition and structure of ladle refining slag, and applying ladle safety protection technologies. The average total …
Optimization and practical implementation of ladle life and safety protection Read More »
The high-temperature performance of the lining in medium-frequency coreless induction furnaces primarily depends on the physical and chemical properties, as well as the mineral composition, of the refractory materials used. Given the selection of raw and auxiliary materials, the sintering process is the critical step for achieving a favorable microstructure in the furnace lining, thereby …
In 2021, China’s domestic steel production reached 1.33667 billion tons, marking a 0.9% year-on-year increase. Continuous casting accounted for over 98% of total output. However, the Chinese steel industry continues to grapple with the dilemma of “excessive low-end capacity and insufficient high-end capacity.” Currently, on one hand, Chinese steel enterprises are experiencing declining profit margins …
Advances in tundish metallurgical technology for clean steelmaking Read More »
The continuous casting tundish not only stabilizes and diverts flow but is also crucial for the cleanliness, temperature distribution, and operational stability of the molten steel. The life of the stopper tundish in continuous casting determines the number of continuous casting furnaces per ladle. Due to its unstable lifespan, the stopper tundish can be short, …
